The design of the stage lighting system is configured in accordance with the rules of stage art performances and special use requirements. Its purpose is to design and configure the lighting technology equipment required for the reproduction process of various performing arts according to system engineering, so that the stage lighting system can accurately and satisfactorily serve the artistic display.
Stage lighting design principles and settings
I. Stage lighting design principles
1. Create a complete stage lighting free space to adapt to all lighting requirements;
2. In order to enable the system to operate continuously, appropriately increase the reserve and expansion space;
3. The system's anti-interference ability and safety are important design indicators;
4. High-efficiency and energy-saving cold light new lamps are introduced into the system design;
5. DMX512 digital signal network technology is introduced into all aspects of the system design.
II. Stage lighting system process design requirements
1. The system process design and equipment configuration have the use function of a comprehensive theater, and can rotate the lighting operation schemes of various different types of dramas in a short time.
2. The system design can quickly switch from one lighting scheme to another, and the switching time is completed within 2 hours.
3. The system allows the use of all types of lamps and other supplementary equipment in full configuration.
4. The system is designed with sufficient security and storage capacity. The entire system performs continuous diagnostic checks on the main console without interrupting the main power supply.
5. The equipment in the system fully meets the technical requirements of stage background noise. In the empty field, the noise of all lighting equipment when turned on and the interference of external environmental noise are no higher than NR25, and the noise of the 1M effect equipment at the test point is no more than 30dB.
6. The expansion capacity of the system was intentionally reserved at the beginning of the system design, such as power silicon control capacity and network capacity. When funds are sufficient or new technologies emerge in the future, the system will not be modified or updated on a large scale due to insufficient design, so as to save money and quickly adapt to changes.
III. Lighting and electrical equipment cabinet settings
1. Structure, cabinets and racks of electrical equipment are made of metal and steel plates with anti-rust treatment, and are reinforced with steel plates or steel cabinets when necessary. Electrical equipment cabinets have dust and moisture-proof measures. Except for ventilation areas and cable inlets and outlets, all cabinets and racks are fully enclosed. The depth of each cabinet can ensure the space for proper equipment and wiring. The depth, height and color of each cabinet in each specific group are the same.
2. Ventilation, all electrical components or devices can operate continuously in the outer cover used and in the specified environment. The cabinet is equipped with appropriate natural passage. To dissipate the heat generated by the equipment, the passage is protected by a fine mesh or foam grille to prevent debris from entering. The shell should be pressurized and sealed and the air inlet needs to be leaky.
3. Cable inlet and outlet, cable holes are reserved at the factory according to the required position; and removable plates are provided for final processing on site. The cable inlet and outlet consider the outer diameter, laying method and sufficient bending radius of the cable, and there are cable fixing devices.
4. Cabinet doors and inspection panels, the doors and panels are designed to have sufficient rigidity, the doors and panels can be removed for inspection, and the panels are equipped with dustproof sealing strips. All shells and panels are painted with drying paint after thoroughly removing grease and rust.
5. Labeling, the component labels in the equipment cabinet should also be permanent labels, and temporary adhesive labels or pen identification marks shall not be used. The size of the nameplate and logo is large enough, and the nameplate and logo can be clearly seen at a distance of 2 meters under normal light.
Lighting system line and safety settings
IV. Lighting system electrical cable and line laying settings
1. The output wires from the silicon cabinet to all sockets are three wires of the same length and are twisted for output. The light wire and the audio, video and other signal wires are far away from each other. When they must meet, they must cross at 90 degrees and leave a distance of 0.5M; when they cannot be avoided and must be parallel, the spacing is set to be greater than 1M.
2. All signal connection cables use five-core shielded wires to prevent interference.
3. There is an independent grounding trunk line. The power cable and light wire should be installed in the metal wire trough, and the metal wire trough should be grounded.
4. The strong and weak electricity in the socket box are separated by metal partitions to avoid the interference of strong electricity on weak electricity and ensure the safety of the weak electricity system.
5. Use low smoke (LSF) and flame-retardant PVC copper core cables. The cables should be able to work for a long time in an environment of 90℃. Under normal use conditions, the service life should be more than 30 years.
6. The socket box uses internationally advanced products produced by enterprises that meet the "national standard". The strong and weak currents in the plug-in box are separated by metal partitions to ensure safety and facilitate electromagnetic compatibility.
7. The cable tray uses thermal cables for fire detection to prevent cable fires.
8. The bridge or cable trough is covered and fireproofed. The model, voltage, current carrying capacity, cross-section, number of cores, and sheath of power cables and control cables should meet the requirements of their circuit type, transmission model, use environment and laying method, and comply with relevant specifications.
9. The control and power cables of moving parts use soft cables that meet fire protection requirements. The laying of cables should comply with the requirements of GB50258-96 "Construction Inspection and Acceptance Specifications for 1KV and Below Wiring Engineering of Electrical Installation Engineering".
10. When laying cables, electromagnetic interference should be reduced to a minimum. When cable hoses are used, their length cannot exceed 1 meter. Suspended or drooping soft cables for power or control lines should be equipped with stress-relieving center cores, and both ends should be clamped to release conductor stress.
11. The cores of multi-core and shielded cables used for power or control lines are easy to identify by number. Cables with less than 25 cores use color codes, and the number of cable cores is not identified by the cable laying form or sequence.
12. The cable numbers at both ends of each power and control cable are the same and are permanently marked with unique numbers. The cable numbers are indicated in the wiring diagram.
13. The wires should have sufficient length to meet the total travel requirements of the relevant equipment, including the travel required to the maintenance location. All cable entry devices have appropriate entry connectors to facilitate cable replacement. The remaining cables should be rolled on the cable drum or placed in the equipment and firmly fixed.
14. The box should be aligned vertically to the wall when installed, with a vertical deviation of no more than 2mm. The inlet and outlet boxes should be arranged neatly and leave appropriate margins. Wires with different circuits, different voltages, and AC and DC must not be inserted into the same pipe. There must be no joints or twists in the pipe. When the wires are inserted into the pipe, a sheath is installed at the exit to protect the wires. Before laying the cables, carefully check whether the cables have mechanical losses and perform insulation shaking tests. The quality standards for the installation of power and lighting distribution boxes meet the national electrical engineering construction specifications. The floor-standing power distribution box is firmly installed on the angle steel or channel steel foundation, fixed with screws, and grounded. The pipes for the inlet and outlet lines are about 10 cm higher than the foundation surface in the foundation. The installation position dimensions are shown in the drawing requirements, and the wall is installed without an inspection door at the back. The verticality of the floor-standing power distribution box during installation is 1.5 mm per meter, and the gap between the panels is 2 mm. The lighting box is generally wall-mounted. This project adopts two types of installation: bright and dark. The concealed wall-mounted distribution box is directly installed in the wall when the wall is built, or a hole can be reserved in the wall and then installed. Ensure that the installation is firm, the grounding is good, the installation is flat and straight, the size meets the design requirements, the bottom edge is 1.5M from the ground, the vertical deviation of the lighting distribution box is no more than 3MM, and the pipes in and out of the distribution box are installed in the distribution box and fixed with pipe caps and locking nuts. When installing the distribution box, the surface of its cover plate is as flat as the paint layer, and the pipes in and out of the box are concealed.
V. Safety settings during the operation of electrical equipment in the lighting system
1. Reasonably configure the output. Each dimming and direct output is equipped with a 32A socket. The three wires of each socket are of the same length and are twisted and output.
2. Good grounding. In order to eliminate the interference of thyristors and make the audio and video equipment meet the use requirements, a more reasonable and practical grounding system is selected in the design of the lighting system. The sound reinforcement system and the lighting system are equipped with independent grounding trunks, using a common ground electrode, and the grounding resistance is ≤1Ω. All power cables and lamp lines are installed in metal wire troughs, and the metal wire troughs are equipped with good grounding devices.
3. Electric shock protection, since most of the lighting distribution lines are connected to the stage lighting through sockets, according to the conventional practice of low-voltage distribution systems, the socket circuit should be equipped with leakage protection for indirect contact protection. Since the leakage switch is prone to malfunction, it directly affects the reliability of the stage lighting system. Therefore, we adopt the method of wiring the PE line together with the phase line of the relevant circuit. To reduce the zero-sequence impedance, ensure that the protection device can operate reliably when a single-phase grounding fault occurs, and ensure personal safety.
4. Lightning protection, lightning arresters are installed on the low-voltage busbar of the substation, and surge protectors are installed on the dimming lighting distribution cabinet to prevent overcurrent and overvoltage caused by electromagnetic induction and electrostatic induction when the stage or nearby buildings of the Cultural and Art Center are struck by lightning, which damages the dimming cabinet and the lighting control computer system, and ensures the safety of the dimming silicon cabinet and the lighting control computer system.
Stage lighting system description and configuration
Six, stage lighting system design description
The top light and zone positions of the stage lighting positions constitute a lighting array. There are lighting points in all parts of the stage to eliminate dead zones, which can be flexibly and variably combined as needed.
(1) Top light system design and configuration
The top light is used to provide necessary lighting for the performance space in the depth of the stage. The various lamps used in the top light configuration greatly improve the light transmittance. The light transmittance is 150% higher than that of the current domestic mirrors. The shading leaf design is beautiful and novel, the four leaves are reasonably set, and the shading effect is good. It can be used for stage top light lighting or dyeing.
A. The distribution of the configured lamps is as follows:
Above the stage, there are 20 top light hanging rods in total.
Each top light uses a different number of lamps: 24 PD-JG1501KW threaded spotlights (with color changers), 40 PD-JG1501KW flat convex spotlights (with color changers), 40 PD-P64 (with color changers), 64 PH750-26 (750W) imaging spotlights (with color changers), 36 (DJD) LD1000R film and television stage soft lights, and 16 Caiyi 2KW computer moving head lights.
Arrangement and projection method of lamps:
The first top light is connected with the surface light to illuminate the main actor area. When connecting, pay attention to the height of the character. The first top light position can be used as a fixed point light and special effect lights can be installed, and some lights can be selected to strengthen the lighting of the fulcrum of the performance area; the second to tenth lights can be projected directly to the back of the stage or vertically downward to strengthen the lighting of the stage character modeling and scenery space. The front and rear rows of lights are connected, so that the stage performance area has a more uniform color and brightness.
(2) Computer light design and configuration
Considering that intelligent lighting is the inevitable development trend of stage lighting in the 21st century, in order to meet the lighting needs of various performances, the stage lighting design is equipped with 16 computer moving head lights.
The computer moving head lights are mainly arranged on the top light pole above the stage. They are controlled by DMX signals and connected to the computer control console through network connections. They can adjust the projection angle, brightness, pattern change, beam size and color of the lights at will to ensure that the performance's requirements for computer moving head lights are met.
(3) Light color changer design and configuration
The color changer installed on some lamps is responsible for stage light, dyeing, color change, and setting off the plot to achieve a colorful effect.
Color changer configuration: 136 WD-512-08A series computer color changers are selected.
VII. Stage lighting control equipment configuration
1. Lighting control console
2. Dimming silicon cabinet
The digital silicon cabinet is the carrier for realizing high-power load dimming and is also the core hardware of the dimming system. CD80-A silicon cabinet is a dimmer that uses digital decoding trigger control technology. Its DMX input interface uses photoelectric isolation technology, a high-precision, high-speed digital trigger system (dimming range 1-100%, 10 dimming curves, dimming accuracy 1024 levels). It has strong anti-interference and simple debugging. The system is not affected by temperature, voltage and other environmental factors. The system can reach the output voltage consistency index specified in the first level of the national standard without debugging, and no maintenance adjustment of the light output point and consistency is required. The system uses ISP online system programmable large-scale integrated circuits, and the hardware reliability has been improved. The software uses "watchdog" technology and fault-tolerant technology. Even if it is strongly interfered by the external power grid and transmission lines, it can automatically detect the power distribution system and automatically correct the trigger conduction angle when the power distribution voltage wave to ensure its normal operation.
The silicon cabinet and the dimming station transmit signals in a photoelectric isolation manner, avoiding accidents caused by leakage, static electricity and other accidental reasons that may cause the dimming station to burn. The silicon cabinet has the function of dimming memory for the last scene, which can ensure normal performance once the main and auxiliary controls fail. 9 levels of preheating values can be set to extend the life of the lamps. The 10 dimming curves solidified in the machine can fully meet the needs of various performances. There are two input interfaces that can receive digital and analog console signals at the same time. Each power unit has a through switch, and each power unit can be interchanged at any time, which provides a guarantee for the studio's requirements for live performances, shooting, and live broadcasts in variety shows, and provides sufficient compatibility effects and expansion functions for the application of equipment such as moving head lights, laser effects, color-changing lights, and color changers.
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